Take a pilgrimage with Steve and Janet Ray!
Look at the Christmas Celebrations in the Holy Land – we are joining them in two weeks!
Were the High Priests from Jesus’ Time still from the Priestly Line of Aaron?
A question popped up in my WhatsApp account this morning. I love these kind of questions so I jumped out of bed and headed to my computer.
Quick question, were Annas and/or Caiaphas descendants of Aaron, or had the high priestly line been lost by their time?
I responded with a long-ish answer to lay the foundation for my answer.

In short, yes, Annas and Caiaphas were descendants of Aaron the High Priest from the tribe of Levi. The Jews never forgot their lineage. Family lines were hugely important, not like in our culture, where we don’t even know where our great-grandparents were born.
In 722 BC, the Northern Ten Tribes disappeared after being exiled to Assyria. Poof! No one knows today where they are. However, a few remained intermingled with the remaining tribe of Judah. Paul was from the tribe of Benjamin, and the Prophetess Anna was from the tribe of Asher. Matthew, also called Levi, was surely from that tribe—they had been given no portion of land in Israel but were giving cities among all the tribes. The tribe of Simeon had been absorbed into the last remaining tribe—Judah, from which we get the word Jew and Judaism. Simon Peter, originally just Simon, may have received that name from Simeon.
The priestly line of Levi, and especially the High Priestly line of Aaron, were especially remembered and honored. John the Baptist’s father and mother were from the Aaronic line. In Luke 1:5, we read, “In the days of Herod, king of Judea, there was a priest named Zechariah, of the division of Abijah [from the line of Aaron]. And he had a wife from the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth” (see 1 Chron 24:10, 19).
Therefore, Zechariah AND Elizabeth were of full-blooded Aaronic priesthood blood. So then was John who “anointed” Jesus in the Jordan River (Acts 10:37-38; CCC 438). Since Elizabeth was the close relative of Mary, one can make the case that Mary is also of Aaronic blood, making Jesus both King (through Joseph and his life of Judah) and Priest (through Mary and the Aaronic line). No proven, but interesting a appropriate.
Now to Annas and Caiaphas. The priests at the time of Jesus were from the line of Aaron (Luke 3:2; Jn 18:13; Acts 4:6), but they had become somewhat “puppet priests” appointed by the Romans. The Sadducees had become a “political tool” of the Romans, to comply with the Jewish laws and sentiments, but more importantly to serve the interests of Rome which placed and displaced them at will. The priesthood pretty much went to the highest bidder. The Pharisees hated the Sadducees, viewing them as having sold out the secular worldly power.
Paul recognized Annas and Caiaphas not JUST as Roman puppets, but still as God’s High Priests. During one of his trials, we read: “Then Paul said to him, ‘God is going to strike you, you whitewashed wall! Are you sitting to judge me according to the law, and yet contrary to the law you order me to be struck?” Those who stood by said, “Would you revile God’s high priest?” And Paul said, “I did not know, brothers, that he was the high priest, for it is written, ‘You shall not speak evil of a ruler of your people.’ ” (Acts 23:3 5).
While Scripture does not definitively state that Annas and Caiaphas were of the direct lineage of Aaron, it does confirm that priests were still generally drawn from the descendants of Aaron, albeit appointed for worldly considerations. So yes, Judah had lost its King but not the known kingly line of Judah, since Joseph was of that line. But Judah still had their pureblooded priests.
An interesting side note: Many Jews have the last name Cohen. That is Hebrew for priest. Genetic testing confirms that most of them are from the same family gene pool, probably still linked to Aaron and the tribe of Levi. Wikipedia says that modern genetic studies have shown that many men identifying as kohanim share common Y-chromosome markers, sometimes referred to as the Cohen Modal Haplotype, supporting the idea of a shared priestly ancestry.
Our Friend Paul Badde and the Volto Sancto (Rest in Peace, my friend)
We spent many happy times together at the Holy Face but also in Rome, where he often took us to his favorite places and gave talks to our groups. This is a picture of us toward the beginning of our friendship in 2011.
Below is a nice summary and memory of our friend’s life and work. We miss you, Paul!

Catholic author Alan Holdren is remembering German journalist Paul Badde, whose adventurous reporting and childlike wonder helped bring global attention to one of Christianity’s most mysterious relics: the Holy Face of Manoppello.
In a reflection for Angelus News on Badde’s Nov. 10 death, Holdren recalled how the longtime correspondent for German newspapers Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and Die Welt lived with a constant sense of awe that captured those around him.
“As a natural-born journalist, he had an innate sense for what interested people, and he followed his nose until he got the story,” Holdren wrote. “That’s what is so stirring about Paul’s death earlier this month: he spent the last decades of his life searching for Christ’s face. Now, I hope he has found it.”
A journalist in a race against time
Holdren first met Badde in Rome in 2010, years after a stroke left the journalist working with urgency to finish what he considered his life’s greatest assignment: telling the story of the Holy Face. Holdren said Badde’s book, “The Face of God,” played a decisive role in inspiring Pope Benedict XVI’s 2006 pilgrimage to the shrine.
Badde seemed certain the veil offered a uniquely intimate encounter with the face of Christ.
“Paul called the Holy Face of Manoppello ‘the story of my life,’ by which he meant it was the biggest story he had ever come across: Christ’s face emblazoned on a transparent byssus cloth veil which perfectly matches the visage in the Shroud of Turin, tucked behind the altar in a backwoods basilica,” Holdren wrote. “Totally accessible, as Christ should be. Transparent from some angles and in some lighting, but from others, there he is: ‘Jesus Christ!’”
He invited everyone he met to see it with him, Holdren said.
Mentor, pilgrim, apostle of the ‘santo volto’
For years, Badde guided pilgrims to Manoppello, Italy, in person and reached many more through his books, articles, and documentaries. Holdren said those who walked with him remember a man who prayed constantly, carried multiple rosaries in his pockets, and never hesitated to press a palm-sized relic of the Holy Land into a friend’s hands.
The rosary was his anchor. Even after multiple strokes, Holdren explained, Badde prayed it daily — often walking through St. Peter’s Basilica, weaving past altars and tombs as he recited each mystery aloud.
“Without Paul’s mentorship and friendship, I wouldn’t have been so close to the sacraments and ultimately closer to Christ in this life,” Holdren said. “He had been through hard times. He was incredibly shrewd as a journalist. Yet, he had a childlike trust in God and his hand in his story. He believed in God’s infinite mercy and trusted in his love and forgiveness, and he found a way to share that with me and countless others.”
‘Stones and pearls’
After a near-fatal stroke in 2016 left Badde in a coma, Holdren prayed at the Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico for his friend’s recovery, asking Our Lady to “bring him back” so he could finish the work he had begun.
Badde eventually recovered and went on to complete “Steinen und Perlen” (“Stones and Pearls”), a 20-part documentary series tracing each mystery of the rosary through the Holy Land, Holdren said.
“His life was guided by Mary’s hand,” Holdren wrote. After his recovery, Badde wore a small oval pin of Our Lady of Guadalupe on his lapel — and “he was not without it for years.”
Holdren remembers Badde describing the Annunciation as a “heart chamber of the Christian faith,” the Incarnation as “the Big Bang of Christian revelation,” and the Visitation as “the first Eucharistic procession.”
The hidden icon on Monte Mario
Badde’s final major project centered on “The Advocata,” an ancient Marian icon housed in a Dominican convent on Rome’s Monte Mario hill. Holdren said Badde believed the icon predated the Council of Ephesus and may have been written by St. Luke.
Holdren described Badde’s early-morning pilgrimages to the convent, where the sisters would graciously turn the icon toward Badde and his guests so they could gaze into the Holy Virgin’s eyes. He called the convent “beyond the reach of most tourists,” Holdren said, and delighted in bringing people there anyway.
Badde completed a book on “The Advocata” shortly before his last stroke in March.
“He couldn’t take everyone to ‘The Advocata’ in person,” Holdren said, “but he always found that his writing could take the world along for the ride.”
A life steeped in Providence
Holdren said his years in Rome were marked by Badde’s friendship and spiritual example. Their daily routine included 8 a.m. Mass at St. Anne’s parish in the Vatican and a Rosary pilgrimage through St. Peter’s Basilica.
Holdren recounted: “We started from St. Anne’s Church and jumped security with Paul’s special card — the ‘tessera magica,’ he called it. It was all timed out perfectly. Imagine passing the ‘Pieta’, Pope John Paul II’s tomb, the Blessed Sacrament Chapel, John XXIII, St. Peter, Bernini’s ‘Holy Spirit’ above the Altar of the Chair, Rafael’s ‘Transfiguration,’ Pius X, and back out the door. Every day.”
Buried beside the Holy Face he spent his life revealing
Badde died in Manoppello and was buried in the cemetery beside the shrine that houses the Holy Face. At his request, Holdren said, earth from the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem was scattered over his coffin.
Reflecting on his friend’s legacy, Holdren wrote that Badde’s impact on him and countless other souls “has been unquantifiable.”
“He brought us along for the ride, but toward the only destination that matters,” Holdren concluded. “My prayer is that he now has all the answers he searched for on earth as, God willing, he passes eternity face-to-face with Jesus Christ.”
Older Posts
Prepare for the Skyline of Tomorrow
Europe is full of magnificent churches—Gothic, Baroque and even modern. Their steeples and crosses still dominate much of the skyline. They stand as impressive monuments
Back to the Holy Land – First two trips sold out, next open trip is April 2026
Holy Land! Our first two trips are already sold out (Dec 28, 2025-Jan 6, 2026, and February with Ave Maria University). Jump on our April
My ever inquisitive brother wrote a delightfully unusual book
My brother always thought more deeply than the rest of us. He mulled over things that we took for granted. He took a very different
A Good Priest Friend Died Yesterday…
I will be 71 years old in a few days. My older brother and sister died at 80. As my parents aged they told me
Baptists at the Council of Nicea?
Written by Fr. Hugh Barbour, O.Praem. Nicea, August 24, A.D. 325, 7:41 p.m. “That was powerful preaching, Brother Athanasius. Powerful! Amen! I want to invite
6 Interesting Catholic Thanksgiving Facts You Need to Know
6 Interesting Catholic Thanksgiving Facts You Need to Know by Dr Taylor Marshall (Good website!)(http://taylormarshall.com/2013/11/6-interesting-catholic-thanksgiving.html) When you’re sitting down for that wonderful feast on Thursday,
Yes, Heading Back to Holy Land this Year!
Yes, we’re heading back to the Holy Land at the end of this year! Our bus is sold out and our trip with Ave Maria
Lost a Good Friend on Monday
Paul Badde was a friend. We conversed by email a lot and met up with each other and our wives every time we are in
My Thoughts and Comments on Marian Apparitions
As a former Protestant, I would have rejected all the Marian apparitions, along with what we thought was the cult of Mary. But having discovered
Why did God choose Israel? Why does he love Jerusalem?
A friend wrote and asked me why God would have chosen Israel, and why he speaks of loving in Jerusalem. Here is my response. ******************
Etiquette at Mass: Reasonable Do’s and Don’ts for Polite and Proper Worship
20 Things TO DO And NOT DO at Mass. These are not rules that will get you banished from the Church, but things that are
Who Was Really Killed in Auschwitz?
“Who really died at Auschwitz? My friend from the UK sent me the following article by Spanish writer Sebastian Vilar Rodriguez, published in a Spanish























Upcoming Events
Random Quote
The Church preserves many beliefs and practices that generally are accepted or publicly commanded. Some are taken from written teaching; others have been passed on to us “in a mystery” by the tradition of the apostles. In relation to true religion, both of these have the same force.
Blog Calendar
Blog Categories
- Apologetics (550)
- Art, Music & Science (84)
- Artifacts & Biblical History (227)
- Atheism (27)
- Bible Study (177)
- Biblical Exposition (391)
- Books (80)
- Canon Law (143)
- Catholic Answers Live (172)
- Catholic Controversies (94)
- Catholic Issues (346)
- Church History (103)
- Computers-Software (51)
- Conferences (283)
- Conversions (288)
- Cultural Chaos (44)
- Current Affairs (207)
- Death & Dying (10)
- Eastern Churches (5)
- Economy (7)
- Education (74)
- Evangelization (31)
- Family and Kids (333)
- Footprints of God DVD's (182)
- Friends (63)
- Fun Stuff (484)
- Health/Running (187)
- Heresy, Cults (13)
- Heroic Models (21)
- Holidays/Feast Days (258)
- Homosexuality (46)
- Inheritance Pilgrimages (13)
- Islam (196)
- Israel and Middle East (224)
- Jesus/Godhead (84)
- Jews & Judaism (47)
- Liturgy & Priesthood (174)
- Mary (126)
- Miscellaneous (93)
- Moral/Sexual Issues (297)
- Movies, TV & Media (123)
- Nature & Birds (28)
- News, In the (135)
- Papacy & Catholic Hierarchy (209)
- Patristics/Church History (39)
- Persecution, Suffering (37)
- Philippines (45)
- Philosophy (15)
- Photographs (9)
- Pilgrimage (847)
- Pilgrimages (1,632)
- Pilgrimages Inheritance (1)
- Politics/United States (767)
- Pope Benedict (87)
- Pope Francis (167)
- Pope Leo XIV (4)
- Prayer & Spiritual Life (220)
- ProLife & Family Issues (506)
- Protestant/Other Christians (154)
- Radio & TV Shows, Steve's (269)
- Radio & TV, others (20)
- Religions, Non-Christian (48)
- Reviews, Critiques, Surveys (166)
- Riddles and Fun (175)
- Sacraments & Sacramentals (152)
- Saints and Fathers (205)
- Social Issues & Action (204)
- Sports & Celebrities (10)
- Steve's Talks & Real Audio (138)
- Steve's Writings (97)
- Teaching & Suggestions (97)
- Theology (114)
- Travel (325)
- Uncategorized (403)
- Video Clips (129)
- Virus (6)
- Virus and Health (11)
- Website, mine (66)
- Website, others (44)

